Which damage type refers to opposite corners of the frame center section being at different heights?

• A. Diamond Damage
• B. Drum
• C. Twist Damage
• D. Bump Steer

Answer: (C)

Twist damage is indicated by torsion in the frame’s center section, so the two opposite corners don’t sit in the same plane. When the frame is twisted, measuring one corner against the diagonally opposite corner shows a height difference, signaling that the center rails are not parallel and true alignment has been lost. This is why you’d use frame equipment to apply corrective forces and restore the center section to its proper geometry, because a twisted frame affects handling and safety far beyond cosmetic dent repair. Diamond damage describes diamond-pattern dents on panels, a drum refers to a round bulge, and bump steer relates to steering geometry issues—none of these describe the corner height discrepancy seen with twist damage.